Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease an 8x8 inch baking pan.

Sift the flour, baking powder, and salt into a large bowl. Use and electric mixer to beat the butter and sugar in a separate large bowl until light and fluffy. One at a time, beat the eggs into the butter mixture. Beat in 1/2 of the flour mixture, the milk, and the remaining flour. Mix well after each addition. Stir in vanilla extract.

Transfer about 1/3 of the batter to a small bowl. Dissolve the instant coffee granules in 2 tablespoons of boiling water. Stir the coffee liquid into the small bowl of batter.

Spoon 1/2 of the vanilla batter into the prepared baking pan, top with the coffee batter. Spoon the remaining vanilla batter over the coffee layer. Use a butter knife to gently swirl the batters together.

Bake in the preheated oven until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean, 35 to 40 minutes. Cool on wire rack for 30 minutes. Dust cooled cake with cinnamon sugar.